bench

Various C++ benchmarks:

• transform.cpp - benchmark std::transform vs loop and custom lowercase and tolower

---

    $ make releasec # clang++ 21.1.8
    $ ./build/releasec/transform

        2026-02-07T15:43:00+02:00
        Running ./build/releasec/transform
        Run on (32 X 5187.5 MHz CPU s)
        CPU Caches:
          L1 Data 48 KiB (x16)
          L1 Instruction 32 KiB (x16)
          L2 Unified 1024 KiB (x16)
          L3 Unified 32768 KiB (x2)
        Load Average: 0.58, 0.53, 0.60
        ***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra overhead.
        ***WARNING*** ASLR is enabled, the results may have unreproducible noise in them.
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        Benchmark                            Time             CPU   Iterations
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        algorithm_lowercase_my            17.8 ns         17.7 ns     39664595
        loop_lowercase_my                 31.9 ns         31.9 ns     22028280
        algorithm_lowercase_toupper       79.3 ns         79.2 ns      8838048
        loop_lowercase_toupper            69.7 ns         69.5 ns      9977740

---

    $ make release # g++ 15.2.1
    $ ./build/release/transform 

        2026-02-07T15:43:03+02:00
        Running ./build/release/transform
        Run on (32 X 5187.5 MHz CPU s)
        CPU Caches:
          L1 Data 48 KiB (x16)
          L1 Instruction 32 KiB (x16)
          L2 Unified 1024 KiB (x16)
          L3 Unified 32768 KiB (x2)
        Load Average: 0.61, 0.54, 0.60
        ***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra overhead.
        ***WARNING*** ASLR is enabled, the results may have unreproducible noise in them.
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        Benchmark                            Time             CPU   Iterations
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        algorithm_lowercase_my            17.7 ns         17.7 ns     33607332
        loop_lowercase_my                 28.2 ns         28.2 ns     24781013
        algorithm_lowercase_toupper       77.1 ns         77.0 ns      9116098
        loop_lowercase_toupper            65.5 ns         65.4 ns     10687636

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